Imperva (formerly Incapsula) is one of the pioneering web application firewall and bot management platforms — in production since before most of its competitors existed. Today it protects an enormous cross-section of the web: e-commerce giants like Glassdoor, Zillow, and GameStop; major financial services companies; government portals; and media platforms. Its bot protection uses over 700 detection dimensions combining direct client interrogation, behavioral analysis, ML models, TLS fingerprinting, and threat intelligence feeds.
What distinguishes Imperva's detection approach is its layered challenge system. Rather than blocking immediately, Imperva escalates through a sequence of increasingly demanding challenges — first a cookie challenge to check if the client supports cookies, then a JavaScript challenge (reese84 and/or utmvc) that collects 180+ encrypted browser signals, and finally a CAPTCHA if the prior challenges are inconclusive. Each challenge layer sets session cookies (incap_ses, visid_incap, reese84) that must be present and valid on all subsequent requests.
Imperva's blocks don't always return a 403. A 200 OK response can still be a block page — the page content itself contains "Powered By Incapsula" text or an incident ID. This means scrapers that only check HTTP status codes may not even detect they're being blocked. ScrapeBadger validates the actual page content, not just status codes, to confirm successful bypass.